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This paper discussed on current medical education situation in UK through introducing the concept,method and system.Medical education in UK takes students as the center of education,emphasizes humanistic education and cultivates medical students' eloquence,clinical skills and scientific research.Medical education in UK sheds light on how to mobilize students' subjective initiative,improve communication skills and clinical skills,which medical education in china can draw lessons from.
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This study is to investigate protective effect of safflor yellow B (SYB) against vascular endothelial cells (VECs) injury induced by angiotensin-II (Ang-II). VECs were cultured and divided into six groups: control group, Ang-II group, Ang-II + SYB (1 micromolL(-1)) group, Ang-II + SYB (10 micromolL(-1)) group, Ang-II + SYB (100 micromolL(-1)) group and Ang- II + verapamil (10 micromolL(-1)) group. Except control group, all of VECs in other groups were treated with Ang- II at the final concentration of 0.1 micromolL(-1). Mitochondria membrane potential (MMP) and free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) were measured by laser scanning confocal microscopy, and mitochondria complex IV activity was detected by BCA method. The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in VECs were analyzed by fluorescence detector and apoptosis of VECs was observed by flow cytometer. Caspase 3 was determined by Western blotting method. Comparing with control group, Ang-II was able to increase [Ca2+]i and ROS level, decrease MMP level, inhibit complex IV activity and enhance caspase 3 activity in VECs, as a result, enhance apoptosis of VECs. But SYB could significantly reduce the result induced by Ang- II relying on different dosages (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). SYB was able to eliminate the effect of Ang-II on VECs via regulating [Ca2+]i, mitochondrial structure and function and inhibiting apoptosis.
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Aim: To observe the effects of sarsasapogenin ( SAR) on osteoblasts and osteoclasts cultured in vitro. Methods: Colonal murine calvarial osteoblast-like cell line MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured in vitro. MTT,p-nitropheneye phosphate and tinctorial method of alizarin Bordeaux were used to investigate the effects of SAR on the proliferation, ALP expression, and mineralization tuberculation of MC3T3-E1 cells. Mature osteoclasts were i-solated from the long bone of one-day rat. Meanwhile, marrow cells of mouse bone were cultured with induction of 1,25( OH)_2VitD_3. During the culturing of osteoclasts or marrow cells, SAR of different concentrations was added into the medium. The number of osteoclasts was recognized as tartrate resistant acid phosphatase( TRAP) ( +) multinucleate cells and the resorption lacuna on bone slice were examined with toluidine blue staining. Results: Comparing with the control group, SAR (0.01, 0. 1, 1μg/mL) significanthy increased the proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells (P <0. 05, P <0. 01). There was no significant difference in the expression of ALP in early pro-liferating MC3T3-E1 cells exposed to SAR of 0.01,0. 1, 1μg/mL, but in the differentiation phase MC3T3-E1 cells, SAR improved ALP activity very significantly if compared with the control group, of which SAR of 1 μg/mL had the most promotion effect(P <0. 01). In addition, compared to the control group, there were, to various ex-tents, increased in the number of mineral nodes in MC3T3-E1 cells after 15day incubation with SAR of different conentrations. Furthermore, no obvious effects of 0.01-1μg/mL SAR on mature osteoclast were observed. But typical osteoclasts were formed when marrow cells were cultured with the induction of 1,25(OH)_2D_3 in medium for 7 days while little or no osteoclasts were induced from marrow cells in the presence of SAR. Conclusion: The results suggest that SAR can effectively promote the proliferation, differentiation and mineralization of osteoblasts cultured in vitro. Besides, SAR can inhibit the generation of osteoclasts from marrow cells.
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Several studies have demonstrated the role of 4-1BBL in T cell activation. Furthermore, enhanced 4-1BB/4-1BBL interaction has been shown to amplify T-cell-mediated antitumor immunity in several mouse models. However, when applied in humans, it was difficult to generate sufficient T cells ex vivo and whole cell vaccines to transfer back into patients. To overcome this difficulty, we have focused on producing the human 4-1BBL extracellular domain/anti-CD20 Fab' fusion protein. In this report, PCR and overlap PCR were used to construct the human 4-1BBL extracellular domain/anti-CD20 Fab' expression vector. DNA sequence was analyzed by the Terminus of Dideoxy Nucleotide. The product was purified by affinity chromatography and analyzed by SDS-PAGE and HPLC; its antigen binding activity was examined by rosetting assay. The data of DNA sequence showed that the human 4-1BBL extracellular domain/anti-CD20 Fab' fusion protein was corrected. The fusion protein was recovered in high yield (up to 200 microg/mL) after E-taq purification. The fusion protein was capable of simultaneous binding to stimulated Jurkat cells and Raji cells as shown by cellular rosetting. In conclusion, the human 4-1BBL extracellular domain/anti-CD20 Fab' fusion protein was induced to express in E. coli 16C9. The results of some biological activity experiments indicated that the fusion protein could bind to stimulated Jurkat cells and Raji cells. Furthermore, 4-1BBL-negative tumors can be converted into 4-1BBL-positive tumors by the fusion protein without the need for 4-1BBL gene transfer to the malignant cells.
Subject(s)
Humans , 4-1BB Ligand , Genetics , Antibodies, Bispecific , Allergy and Immunology , Antigens, CD20 , Allergy and Immunology , Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments , Genetics , Immunotherapy , Methods , Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin , Therapeutics , Recombinant Fusion Proteins , Genetics , Allergy and ImmunologyABSTRACT
Objective: To evaluate the effect of nutritional support with low carbohydrate formula (Pulmocare, Abbott, America) in patients with pulmenary disease and respiratory failure. Methods: 60 patients were randomly divided into control group and study group. The study group was given Pulmocare and the control group was given Ensure (standard enteral nutrition,Abbott, America). The lipidemia, serum protein, PaCO 2 ,PaO 2 ,VO 2 ,VCO 2 and RQ were measured before and after therapy. Results: The patients' nutritional status of the two groups was improved significantly. The index of artery blood gas analysis was significantly improved( P